UNCLOS navigational freedom provisions provides good model for regulating cyberspace

A sound policy that balances international freedoms in Cyberspace with legitimate concerns about national security may be achieved by applying the navigational regimes of the UNCLOS III to the medium of Cyberspace. Fairly applied, such global Cyberspace policies could, borrowing from the language of the Convention,

• be an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice, and progress;
• resolve problems of Cyberspace;
• provide due regard for the sovereignty of all States;
• facilitate international communication;
• promote peaceful uses of Cyberspace and the equitable and efficient
• utilization of its resources;
• aid the study, protection, and preservation of the Cyberspace environment;
• contribute to the realization of a just and equitable economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole and, in particular, the special interests and needs of developing countries;
• establish international Cyberspace as beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as a common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole irrespective of the geographical location of States.

From the foregoing it is suggested that if the underlying purposes of the UNCLOS III were applied to the Cyberspace medium, it would have a desirable effect on international development of Cyberspace. A test of the usefulness of this analogy in preserving national sovereignty is how well two important access rights under the UNCLOS III, "innocent passage"⁴ and "transit passage,"⁵
might be applied to military operations in Cyberspace.