Regarding the PSI in particular, despite wide international support for the initiative – 95 participating states as of May 2009 – opponents to PSI have relied on UNCLOS to attack the legitimacy of the initiative. Clearly, coun- tries of proliferation concern like Iran and North Korea are going to oppose PSI. However, there are other important countries that object to the initia- tive, in part because of UNCLOS. For example, an article by Rick Rozoff discussing the PSI reports that Indian officials have described PSI as a “con- troversial U.S.-led multilateral initiative . . .” with “dubious legality . . .” that “undercuts a . . . multilateral and balanced approach to the problem of proliferation.”21 Rozoff further states that Malaysia’s Deputy Prime Minister has stated the PSI violates Malaysia’s national sovereignty and that Indonesia is also opposed PSI, indicating that the initiative violates UNCLOS. Similarly, Mark Valencia stated in an essay posted on the Nautilus Institute Policy Forum Online (08-043A: May 29, 2008)22 that China and Pakistan are also opposed to the initiative. Specific articles of UNCLOS cited by the opponents to PSI include Articles 17 and 19 (right of innocent passage), Article 33 (contiguous zone), Articles 38 and 39 (right of transit passage), Part V (EEZ), and Article 88 (high seas reserved for peaceful pur- poses).23